DNA tests primarily focus on genetic ancestry, comparing an individual's DNA markers to those of known populations. DNA tests can estimate ancestry, but they don't directly quantify blood quantum. In other words, the markers can provide information that one has Indian blood but cannot specify a particular tribe or group. Some tribes may require blood quantum for membership.

The answer is no. At one time, lease payments were made to Indian landowners who received royalties for allotment land held in trust for them by the federal government. The Indian Removal Act of 18.30. "The law, as described by Congress, provided "for an exchange of lands with the Indians residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi".

The Indian Reorganization Act of 19.34 ended the allotment of tribal lands and allowed tribes to regain lost lands. For more information refer to The Indian Reorganization Act of 195'1,, also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act.

From the National Archives: "The Dawes Rolls, also known as the "Final Rolls", are the lists of individuals who were accepted as eligible for tribal membership in the "Five Civilized Tribes": Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles. (It does not include those whose applications were stricken, rejected or judges as doubtful.) Those found eligible for the Final Rolls were entitled to an allotment of land, usually as a homestead."

Each tribe individual is sovereign and establishes its own rules which may include blood quantum requirements (Percentage ofNative American blood) and/or other lineage requirements.

• Do your research. Establish a lineage to a previously enrolled member and meet the tribe's specific enrollment requirements.; use Family History both written and oral; use Official Records including birth certificates, marriage license, etc. and Lineal descent.
• Contact the tribe you with whom you would like to apply for citizenship and inquire about their requirements. A list of all the state recognized tribes is included in our website under Alabama Indian Affairs Tribes and Chiefs List.

The answer is yes. During the removal, some Indian people escaped capture by seeking refuge with other tribes or felling areas outside the removal routes. Some of the people became runaways', hideaways' and some assimilated with white and/or black populations in an effort to suppress Indian identity, heritage, culture, and language.